Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment

Authors

Giovana Anovazzi Medeiros DDS, MSc, PhD, University of Michigan School of DentistryFollow
Bahareh Enghiad DMD, University of Michigan School of DentistryFollow
James R. Boynton DDS, MS, The University of Michigan School of DentistryFollow

Abstract

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative developmental enamel defect affecting at least one permanent first molar. Characterized by high porosity and reduced mineral content, MIH leads to hypersensitivity, post-eruptive breakdown, and increased caries susceptibility. The etiology is multifactorial, typically occurring between birth and four years of age. Management depends on severity, ranging from topical fluorides and sealants for mild cases to stainless-steel crowns or extractions for severe instances. Because porous enamel facilitates bacterial penetration and pulpal inflammation, achieving effective local anesthesia is often difficult, necessitating individualized behavioral management and early intervention to preserve tooth structure.

Recommended Citation

Medeiros, Giovana Anovazzi DDS, MSc, PhD; Enghiad, Bahareh DMD; and Boynton, James R. DDS, MS (2026) "Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment," The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association: Vol. 108: No. 1, Article 4.
Available at: https://commons.ada.org/journalmichigandentalassociation/vol108/iss1/4